Curiosity about the origins and development of human society is a distinctive feature of our species that can be traced back thousands of years. Even (1) in ancient times, people kept collections of antiquities from even (2) periods. For (3) of the human past, archaeology is the only (4) of information, as written records are a comparatively recent invention.
Our knowledge of the period stretching back from the present day to the emergence of the first tool-making hominids some 2.5 million years ago (5) based predominantly on the remains of settlements, burials and artefacts. It is the (6) of these traces that is the domain of archaeology. From it we (7) of the gradual but (8) mastery of the environment, beginning with the first tools, the building of shelters and the knowledge of fire - early (10) along a path of successive innovations such as pottery and metallurgy (11) that has led to the advanced technologies of the present day. We learn also of the change (12) hunting and gathering food to keeping animals and planting crops and (13) the increasing social complexity which accompanied these developments, eventually (14) to the formation of states and empires. The archaeological record of (15) recent events is enriched (16) the survival of lavishly furnished tombs, temples and palaces which are (17) the greatest human cultural and artistic achievements. (18) archaeology is not only (19) study of the
grandiose and spectacular, but also provides evidence of the everyday circumstances of (20) people.
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